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Hundreds of thousands of people crowded downtown Cleveland on Wednesday to celebrate the Cavaliers’ NBA championship, and aside from the 15 million or so people in Northern California, it seemed the rest of the country was celebrating alongside them—and rightly so. The Cavs took down the heavily-favored, shit-talking Warriors, won Cleveland’s first championship in 52 years, and brought real happiness to a city that’s known hard times.

• Cavaliers 2008 Tenor Break Pdf Online
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• Cavaliers 2008 Tenor Lick

I'm still learning the tenor part! It's pretty tough to get it up to tempo, especially in the first few measures of their min-feature. 2008 Cavaliers Tenor Break. Blue Devils 2006 - Greivous' Groove. 2008 Drum Break. Blue Devils 16th. Jeff queen 10 Min WarmUp 1.pdf. Gold Drumline Audition Packet 2012. Elaboracion_azucar.pdf Uploaded by Francisco Portillo Quispe. Caleb Douglass EDUC2220LessonPlanTemplate(1) Uploaded by Caleb Douglass.

For all that, there is one very legitimate reason to be disappointed the Cavaliers won a championship: It means Cavaliers owner Dan Gilbert won too. As much as the Warriors and their trophy-fucking owner get made fun of around here, Gilbert’s sins extend far, far beyond writing the sports equivalent of a runaway slave letter to LeBron James in comic sans. He is a bad man whose companies have helped destroy large swaths of largely poor and largely minority urban areas, and he should be held in contempt, not celebrated.

What Lawsuits Reveal About Quicken Loans’ Lending Practices

Dan Gilbert made most of his fortune through owning Quicken Loans, which has grown to become the country’s largest online mortgage lender, and third-largest mortgage lender overall. In getting there, Quicken engaged in many of the same predatory lending practices that precipitated the 2008 financial crisis, and has been the subject of numerous lawsuits across the country, in which some of their heinous lending practices have been laid bare.

The best-known case is that of West Virginians Lourie Jefferson and Monique Brown, who won an almost $3 million total judgement against Quicken (after years of appeals over the amount of the judgement, Quicken “settled for the full verdict that came to nearly $2.7 million with interest,” according to Jefferson and Brown’s lawyer). The judged ruled Quicken’s actions to be legally “unconscionable,” and found that the company committed fraud and violated the West Virginia Consumer Credit and Protection Act when it, among other things, failed to properly disclose that Jefferson and Brown’s loan contained an outrageous provision for a balloon payment of $107,015.71 to be paid at the end of 30 years. That wasn’t all, according to theWest Virginia Record:

At the first phase of the trial, the Court ruled in favor of Jefferson and Brown on numerous counts. The court found the lending practices of Quicken Loans unconscionable, based in part on Quicken’s utilization of a highly inflated appraisal in making the loan.

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The court also found that Quicken Loans defrauded the homeowners by misleading them into paying excessive loan origination fees; falsely promising to favorably refinance the loan in the near future; and concealing an enormous balloon payment from its own borrowers.

In another case, Quicken settled with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for $6.5 million for allegedly selling “soured loans” (Quicken did not admit to wrongdoing), and then told the LA Timesthey didn’t believe the settlement would be made public:

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Quicken Loans spokeswoman Paula Silver expressed surprise that the settlement became public, saying officials at the lender had believed that would not occur. “Quicken Loans and the FDIC entered into a ‘confidential’ agreement nearly three and a half years ago which clearly states that no party admits liability nor wrongdoing,” Silver said in a statement.

The biggest blow to Quicken’s self-professed image of squeaky-clean lending processes is potentially yet to come, though. Last year the federal government sued Quicken Loans for allegedly underwriting hundreds of Federal Housing Administration-insured loans in ways that violated the False Claims Act. The case will likely take years to resolve; should Quicken lose, it could cost the lender hundreds of millions of dollars. (Gilbert has said the government is seeking a “nine-figure settlement,” and denied the charges.)

The government’s initial filing (PDF) makes clear that it believes Quicken’s alleged misdeeds run deeper than just an employee or two, but rather stem top-down from the company’s culture:

It is an incredible document, with the government alleging many things even a layman can understand Quicken shouldn’t have done: approving a loan even after the borrower asked for a refund of the mortgage fee to feed her family; approving a loan for a second residence, in clear violation of FHA rules; and approving a loan for a borrower who told them he was close to bankruptcy.

To approve these loans, the government says, Quicken used a number of tricks to approve loans in ways that were not FHA-compliant, resulting in “millions of dollars in existing losses to HUD” when borrowers defaulted, and likely “significant additional losses to the agency” in the future. The press release announcing the lawsuit described them this way:

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For example, Quicken allegedly had a “value appeal” process where, when Quicken received an appraised value for a home that was too low to approve a loan, Quicken often requested a specific inflated value from the appraiser with no justification for the increase– even though such a practice was prohibited by the applicable FHA requirements. Quicken also allegedly granted “management exceptions” whereby managers would allow underwriters to break an FHA rule in order to approve a loan.

The filing also contains damning quotes from emails allegedly sent by senior Quicken executives. For instance, one exec allegedly sent an email acknowledging that Quicken approved loans underwritten with what they called “bastard income”:

In other emails, Quicken execs allegedly copped to fudging income and approving loans for borrowers who didn’t qualify:

The Culture Of Quicken Loans

Quicken Loans regularly touts its placement on lists of the best places to work, but some former employees tell a very different story. Quicken has faced a number of lawsuits about unpaid overtime pay for mortgage loan officers, as whether they qualify for overtime or not is very complicated. (In 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that mortgage loan officers were eligible for overtime pay, though Quicken said this ruling would not affect their employees.)

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In the largest overtime pay class action lawsuit—covering hundreds of former employees—to go to trial to date (Quicken won), former employees described a wide range of deceptive behaviors. According to a Center For Public Integrity report, one former Quicken salesman said in a sworn statement that he and his colleagues increased profits by “locking the customer into a higher interest rate, even if they qualified for a lower rate, and rolling hidden fees into the loan.”

Another former Quicken employee explained in court papers how she screwed over a customer with cancer:

She recalled selling a loan to a customer who had cancer and needed cash to pay medical bills: “I could have offered him a home equity line of credit to pay these bills but, instead, I sold him an interest-only ARM that re-financed his entire mortgage. This was not the best Quicken loan product for him, but this was the one that made the company the most money.”

Numerous former employees also described in court papers a common technique that basically amounted to extorting customers to do business with Quicken:

One way that Quicken hustled borrowers, several former employees said, was a sales stratagem known as “bruising.” As one former employee described the technique, the goal was to “find some bad piece of information on their credit report and use it against them, even things as insignificant as a late credit card payment from several years ago. Quicken’s theory behind this was that if the customers can be scared into thinking that they cannot get a loan, then they will be more likely to do business with Quicken.”

What happened, and happens, at Quicken takes place within a company that has been described as “Scientology-esque.” Quicken is obsessed with ISMs (like the suffix), which they call “the foundation and the philosophy that we live by.” In something straight out of a Silicon Valley parody or Jason Whitlock’s playbook, the ISMs are a series of meaningless business maxims like “A penny saved is a penny” (i.e., instead of scrimping, spend your time trying to earn dollars) and “We are the ‘they.’” Just read this very, very creepy blog post from a Quicken intern.

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Disgruntled former Quicken employees have described their role as trained monkeys; one described the work environment as “very hostile, with management using intimidation tactics, public humiliation, and profanity when dealing with the sales team members.” It probably goes without saying that Gilbert is fiercely anti-union, and the National Labor Relations Board ruled earlier this year that six of his companies included illegal, threatening anti-union language in company handbooks.

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Quicken’s Argument

Gilbert and Quicken Loans have always maintained that the vast majority of their products are “vanilla” loans, challenged the definition of subprime mortgages, and repeatedly asserted that Quicken didn’t sell subprime loans. But in 2007, before the financial crisis, none other than Quicken’s CEO told CNN that two percent of the company’s business was in subprime loans. And a Detroit News examination of loan records found, going by one common definition of what constitutes a subprime loan, that 24 percent of Quicken’s loans in the city of Detroit between 2004 and 2006 were subprime.

An important caveat is that there is a reason Quicken Loans still exists and is thriving, while former competitors like Countrywide and Ameriquest Mortgage went under. However we define subprime loans, Quicken originated far fewer of them as a percentage of their business than other lenders. An industry analyst summed things up to the Detroit News, though, “Quicken would argue their track record was better than anyone in the industry, but of course the bar isn’t that high in the mortgage industry.”

Transforming Detroit Into A Robocop-Like Playground For The Wealthy

Besides running a company that has been repeatedly sued for its lending practices, Gilbert is at the heart of “revitalizing” Detroit. He has bought at least 70 downtown properties for comically low prices, convinced the state of Michigan to give him at least $50 million in tax breaks (some put the total tally as high as $200 million) to move Quicken’s headquarters from suburban Livonia into Detroit by threatening to move out of state, and runs what amounts to a shadow private police force.

Gilbert’s Rock Ventures—the holding company for his numerous business ventures—employs hundreds of security guards and has installed over 500 security cameras in downtown Detroit, and the entire operation is run out of a Las Vegas casino-like security war room in one of his buildings. Rock Ventures doesn’t like to talk about this quasi-police force (though after sustained criticism they did let a reporter tour the security center), and of course they aren’t subject to any of the usual laws or even norms that governs the public’s right to obtain information on and demand oversight of the police. Rock Ventures takes this so seriously that they’ve installed their cameras on other people’s property without permission. (Gilbert called the journalist who first reported the story “dirty scum.”)

Gilbert’s companies aren’t the only downtown business to employ security forces, but his is by far the largest, effectively supplanting the police across a huge area, and by far the most secretive. But beyond the justified concerns about privacy and surveillance, the security force is just one piece in Gilbert’s plan that would make certain parts of Detroit a RoboCop-like playground for the upper middle class and rich, at the expense of the poor.

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Gilbert’s real estate wheeling and dealing has received fawning press coverage, but it’s not clear why. A long Mother Jones piece reports that the Blight Task Force Gilbert co-chaired—that in itself is ironic, given that Quicken originated the “fifth-highest number of mortgages that ended in foreclosure in Detroit over the last decade”—recommended tearing down 70,000 properties, but didn’t endeavor to find out how many people actually lived in those properties, nor develop a plan to help relocate those residents. According to Mother Jones, at a White House meeting that resulted in almost $150 million in blight removal funds for Detroit, it “appears that not a single representative of the neighborhoods soon to be bulldozed ... attended the meeting.” (A Wayne State University professor called it “the suburban view of what a city should look like” and added “it’s not a view of the city that’s responsive to the needs of the citizens of Detroit.”)

Gilbert and people like Red Wings owner Mike Ilitch—who got hundreds of millions in public financing for a new downtown arena literally the week after Detroit underwent the largest municipal bankruptcy in United States history—would remake Detroit into a city that is accommodates the needs of the relatively privileged few at the expense of the numerous poor. One of the best examples of this boondoggle is the M-1 Rail.

As originally conceived, the M-1 Rail would’ve been a 20-mile long streetcar line that would connect northern Detroit suburbs to the downtown core. But it is instead being built as a less than four-mile long line that will run between downtown and the gentrifying midtown. As Mother Jones reported, a quarter of Detroit households don’t have a car, and could really use a robust public transportation system. Instead they’re getting “a shuttle between jobs they can’t get and housing they can’t afford.”

At least the M-1 Rail’s $180 million cost is mostly being borne by corporations and nonprofits, rather than by public dollars Detroit doesn’t have. To its backers, this is evidence of the commitment Gilbert and co. have to the city of Detroit, and M-1 proponents deflect criticisms of the project by saying it isn’t their job to solve all of Detroit’s problems. To the extent that this is true, it just makes clear that Gilbert’s actions wouldn’t actually regenerate Detroit, but would regenerate Detroit for a very specific kind of person: the kind of person who can live and work in the buildings Gilbert owns.

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Gilbert’s investments, blight removal crusade, streetcar project, and Orwellian shadow police force all result in people paying him rent, and corporations leasing offices in his buildings. They’re investments that make money—just like taking advantage of cancer patients refinancing their mortgage—not examples of high-mindedness. As professors Joshua Akers and John Patrick Leary write in a bruising piece for Guernica magazine, “Tycoons of an earlier era had to pursue something besides their main hustle to earn the laurels being heaped on Gilbert. [...] He is portrayed as a Detroit benefactor simply for doing what he does: run mortgage and real-estate companies.”

Dan Gilbert’s Self-Image

To fend off as much negative coverage of his activities as possible, Gilbert takes an extremely hostile line with the press. He makes transgender barbs about reporters he doesn’t like, sends “vile emails” to newspaper executives, leans on brand partners to delete posts with innocuous jokes, and is notorious for sending (allegedly drunken) angry late-night emails to reporters. And those are just some of the known incidents that have been reported.

Dan Gilbert Didn't Like A Yahoo Blog Post, So Yahoo Deleted It

Quicken Loans is a predatory lender. It's impossible to read the numerous lawsuits against the …

Rather than embodying the 21st century version of the great American figure of the businessman-philanthropist, like Andrew Carnegie, Gilbert is a thin-skinned weasel who practices a predatory form of capitalism. The worst thing about the Cavaliers’ title? It gives Gilbert one more tool with which to burnish his reputation.

(Photo credit: Ronald Martinez/Getty)

Cavaliers 2008 Tenor Lick

In percussion music, a rudiment is one of a number of relatively small patterns which form the foundation for more extended and complex drum patterns. The term 'rudiment' in this context means not only 'basic', but also fundamental. While any level of drumming may, in some sense, be broken down by analysis into a series of component rudiments, the term 'drum rudiment' is most closely associated with various forms of field drumming, also known as rudimental drumming.

Rudimental drumming has something of a flexible definition, even within drumming societies devoted to that form of drumming. For example, the longest running website on rudimental drumming defines it as 'the study of coordination,'^[1] whereas the Percussive Arts Society defines rudimental drumming as a particular method for learning the drums—beginning with rudiments, and gradually building up speed and complexity through practicing those rudiments.^[2] (An analogy might be made to learning the piano by first learning scales and arpeggios, as opposed to beginning by learning to play a full piece of music from start to finish.)

• 2Terminology
  • 2.1Single stroke
• 340 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments
  • 3.1Roll rudiments
• 4Historical organization

History[edit]

The origin of snare drum rudiments can be traced back to Swiss mercenaries armed with long polearms. The use of pikes in close formation required a great deal of coordination. The sound of the tabor was used to set the tempo and communicate commands with distinct drumming patterns. These drumming patterns became the basis of the snare drum rudiments.

The first written rudiment goes back to the year 1612 in Basel, Switzerland.^[3] The cradle of rudimental drumming is said to be France, where professional drummers became part of the king's honour guard in the 17th and 18th centuries. The craft was improved during the reign of Napoleon I. Le Rigodon is one of the cornerstones of modern rudimental drumming.^[3]

Many attempts at formalizing a standard list of snare drum rudiments have been made. American rudimental manuals have prescribed rudimental exercises at least as far back as A Revolutionary War Drummers Book in 1778, which displayed 20 exercises that can be taken as rudiments as well as 'drum beatings' such as the piece Valley Forg [sic].^[4] This was followed by Ben Clark's manual on military drumming in 1797 ^[5] and David Hazeltine's book Instructor in Martial Music in 1810. ^[6] Charles Stewart Ashworth was the first person to actually label short drum exercises as 'Rudiments' in 1812.^[7]

Several more manuals of note were printed between 1812 and 1860, including those by Robbins (1812), Rumrille and Holton (1817), Levi Lovering (1818), Alvan Robinson (1818), and George Klinehanse (1853).

A number of manuals next appeared during the American Civil War, including those by Elias Howe (1861), Keach, Burditt, and Cassidy (1861), Bruce and Emmett (1862), H.C. Hart (1862), William Nevins (1864). Gardiner Strube published his influential distillation of Civil War practices is 1870 and John Philip Sousa produced a manual in 1886 that would later be revised several times by the U.S. Army.

During World War I, V.F. Safranek published a manual in 1916, while Carl E. Gardner released another in 1918. Sanford Moeller put a list in his 1925 book, which is one of the few books here intended for civilian drummers.

The National Association of Rudimental Drummers, an organization established to promote rudimental drumming, organized a list of 13 essential rudiments and second set of 13 additional rudiments to form the Standard NARD 26 in 1933. This was largely based on Strube's 25 rudiments from 1870, with a single addition, the single stroke roll.

During World War II, the War Department used a manual from 1940, TM 20-250 Field Music Technical Manual, that clearly echoes Safranek, though it lists no author. The Marine Corps had a competing manual, essentially mirroring Sousa but updated in 1942, Manual for Drummers, Trumpeters, and Fifers.

Later in the 20th century there were several notable variations and extensions of rudimental drumming from teachers like Charles Wilcoxon, author of All-American Drummer and Modern Rudimental Swing Solos, and Alan Dawson, whose 'Rudimental Ritual' was popular at Berklee College of Music in the 1970s.^[8]

In 1984, the Percussive Arts Society reorganized, and reinterpreted, the NARD 26 and added another 14 to form the current 40 International Snare Drum Rudiments.^[9] Currently, the International Association of Traditional Drummers (IATD) is working to once again promote the 1933 NARD 26 list (1870 Strube list of 25 plus 1) of rudiments. One of the chief issues the IATD has with the PAS 40 is the 'Swiss influence,' ^[10] though only 8 of the 14 rudiments that do not appear in the Standard 26 are foreign or not found in one of the above listed American military manuals prior to Strube. These 8 include the multiple bounce roll, the triple stroke roll, the triple paradiddle, the 17 Stroke Roll, the Single Flammed Mill, the paradiddle-diddle, the flam drag, and the Dragadiddle. Of these, only the Flammed Mill is specifically and recently taken from Swiss tradition, though a similar (but not identical) Reversed Flam Paradiddle did exist in American Tradition.

Today there are four main rudimental drumming cultures: Swiss Basler Trommeln, Scottish Pipe Drumming, Anglo-American Ancient Drumming, and American Modern Drumming (or DCI hybrid drumming).^[11] Other organized rudimental cultures include the French, Dutch, German, and Swiss (non-Basel, poorly understood outside of Switzerland) systems.^[12] There is mention of a distinct historic Spanish rudimental culture, though primary sources for the actual music are hard to find and this system is no longer used.^[13]

Terminology[edit]

Single stroke[edit]

A stroke performs a single percussive note. There are four basic single strokes.

Double stroke[edit]

A double stroke consists of two single strokes played by the same hand (either RR or LL).

Diddle[edit]

A diddle is a double stroke played at the current prevailing speed of the piece. For example, if a sixteenth-note passage is being played then any diddles in that passage would consist of sixteenth notes.

Paradiddle[edit]

A paradiddle consists of two single strokes followed by a double stroke, i.e., RLRR or LRLL.^[14] When multiple paradiddles are played in succession, the first note always alternates between right and left. Therefore, a single paradiddle is often used to switch the 'lead hand' in drumming music.

Drag[edit]

A drag is a double stroke played at twice the speed of their context in which they are placed. For example, if a sixteenth-note passage is being played then any drags in that passage would consist of thirty-second notes. Drags can also be played as grace notes. When played as grace notes on timpani, the drag becomes three single (alternating) strokes (rlR or lrL).^[15]

Flam[edit]

A flam consists of two single strokes played by alternating hands (RL or LR). The first stroke is a quieter grace note followed by a louder primary stroke on the opposite hand. The two notes are played almost simultaneously, and are intended to sound like a single, broader note.^[14] The temporal distance between the grace note and the primary note can vary depending on the style and context of the piece being played.

Roll[edit]

Drum rolls are various techniques employed to produce a sustained, continuous sound.

40 P.A.S. International Drum Rudiments[edit]

Rudiments according to the Percussive Arts Society.^[14] There may be as many as 1000 distinct rudiments worldwide, but these 40 are the current American standards, referred to as “international” because they mix rudiments traditionally used in Anglo-American drumming with several drawn from the Swiss Basel drumming tradition.^[16] They were compiled by a committee led by Jay Wanamaker in 1984.

Roll rudiments[edit]

Single stroke rudiments[edit]

The single-stroke roll consists of alternating sticking (i.e., RLRL, etc.) of indeterminate speed and length.

Multiple bounce roll rudiments[edit]

Double stroke open roll rudiments[edit]

There are 10 official variants of the double-stroke roll.^[14]

Diddle rudiments[edit]

Flam rudiments[edit]

Drag rudiments[edit]

Historical organization[edit]

(NARD Standard 26 American Drum Rudiments of 1933)

Thirteen 'essential' rudiments[edit]

• The double stroke open roll
• The five stroke roll
• The seven stroke roll
• The flam
• The flam accent
• The flam paradiddle
• The flamacue
• The drag (half drag or ruff)
• The single drag tap
• The double drag tap
• The double paradiddle
• The single ratamacue
• The triple ratamacue

Second thirteen rudiments[edit]

• The single stroke roll
• The nine stroke roll
• The ten stroke roll
• The eleven stroke roll
• The thirteen stroke roll
• The fifteen stroke roll
• The flam tap
• The single paradiddle
• The drag paradiddle No. 1
• The drag paradiddle No. 2
• The flam paradiddle-diddle
• The lesson 25
• The double ratamacue

Last fourteen rudiments[edit]

In 1984, the Percussive Arts Society added 14 more rudiments to extend the list to the current 40 International Snare Drum Rudiments. The ordering was completely changed during this last re-organization.

• The single stroke four
• The single stroke seven
• The multiple bounce roll
• The triple stroke roll
• The six stroke roll
• The seventeen stroke roll
• The triple paradiddle
• The single paradiddle-diddle
• The single flammed mill
• The pataflafla
• The Swiss Army triplet
• The inverted flam tap
• The flam drag
• The single dragadiddle

Notable contributors[edit]

• Charley Wilcoxon: instructor, author, and teacher
• Dante Agostini, French instructor, author and teacher
• George Lawrence Stone: instructor, author, and teacher
• Fred Sanford: instructor and arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps
• Ralph Hardimon: instructor and arranger, Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps
• Marty Hurley: instructor and arranger, Phantom Regiment Drum and Bugle Corps during the 1970s and early '80s
• Frank Arsenault: contributor to the selection of the standard 26 rudiments, and a nationwide American teacher known for his official recording of The 26 Standard American Drum Rudiments and Selected Solos
• William F. Ludwig: organizer of and contributor to the selection of the standard 26 rudiments, owner of Ludwig Drum Company

Hybrid rudiments[edit]

Over the years, other rudimental patterns have been informally identified and given creative names, although most of these are based upon the original 40. They are commonly known as 'hybrid rudiments' or 'hybrids,' and are especially common in drumlines and drum corps. A few examples are the 'Herta' which is a drag played with alternating sticking, the 'cheese', a diddle with a grace note, and the 'eggbeater', a five-tuplet with the sticking 'rrrll'; these hybrids have themselves given way to further hybrids; the 'cheese invert' (an inverted flam tap with cheeses instead of flams) and the 'diddle-egg-five' (a paradiddle-diddle followed by an eggbeater and two diddles, one on each hand). Other hybrid rudiments include: 'book reports', 'ninjas', and 'flam dragons', formerly known as 'double flam drags'. Hybrid rudiments are becoming increasingly important to a marching percussionist's rudimentary vocabulary.^[18]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'Rudimental Drumming'. rudimentaldrumming.com.
2. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2014.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
3. ^ ^ab'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2012.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
4. ^https://robinengelman.com/2010/06/26/examples-of-snare-drum-notation-part-1-1589-1788/
5. ^https://robinengelman.com/2010/06/25/examples-of-snare-drum-notaton-part-2-1809-20/
6. ^Instructor in Martial Music: Containing Rules and Directions for the Drum and Fife, with a Select Collection of Beats, Marches, Airs, &c. C. Norris and Company, 1810
7. ^Ashworth, Charles Stewart. A New Useful and Complete System of Drum Beating. trans. George P. Carroll, 1974.
8. ^https://bateriaipercussiovalls.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/rudimental-ritual-by-alan-dawson.pdf
9. ^'History'. Percussive Arts Society. Archived from the original on 24 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
10. ^'International Association of Traditional Drummers - Home'. iatdrummers.com.
11. ^Eastwood, Hank (2 May 2014). '26 Rudiments'.
12. ^Bloom, Ryan Alexander. Encyclopedia Rudimentia. New York: Hudson Music, 2019.
13. ^Poulin, David. Renaissance Fife and Drum Book. Sociedad de la Entrada, 2006. PDF version. http://entrada1598.com/mdia/RF&D.pdf
14. ^ ^abcdefghPercussive Arts Society. 'Rudiments Online'. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
15. ^Nasatir, Cary. 'Too Many Rudiments?'. Conn-Selmer Keynotes. Archived from the original on 22 April 2007. Retrieved 3 February 2008.
16. ^Bloom, Ryan Alexander. Encyclopedia Rudimentia. Hudson Music, 2019.
17. ^Swiss Army Triplet Example on VicFirth.comArchived 31 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 8 November 2007.
18. ^'Vic Firth Presents the Hybrid Rudiments'. vicfirth.com. Archived from the original on 17 September 2009.

External links[edit]